前苏联专利SU1561829A3 Prefabricated module for housing construction

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专利摘要:
This invention relates to an assembly module for prefabricated buildings. The purpose of the invention is to increase the versatility of use, simplify the technology of construction of the building and increase its performance. The prefabricated module 1 contains a three-dimensional reinforcing structure 2 formed by welded metal rods and flat elements 3 of lightweight and heat-insulating material held on each side of the reinforcing structure in such a way as to form at least one integral panel 4. The same module It can be used both for the manufacture of vertical supporting structures and for the manufacture of horizontal supporting structures. 4 hp f-ly, 16 ill.
公开号:SU1561829A3
申请号:SU3973324
申请日:1985-11-06
公开日:1990-04-30
发明作者:Де Шуттер Андре；Казалатина Сильвано
申请人:Сисмо Энтернасьональ (Фирма)；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

The invention relates to prefabricated models, used, in particular, in construction and include several flat elements5 made of lightweight material, and a set of welded reinforcing steel mesh, running in the longitudinal direction and welded to several transverse rods. m supporting flat elements of lightweight material.
The purpose of the invention is to increase the versatility of the use of the module, to simplify the technology of building a building and to improve its functional characteristics,
FIG. 1 shows a module, a perspective view; in fig. 2 - part of the module shown in FIG. Fig 3 - various modules, section; in fig. Za, b, c are, respectively, the modules shown in fig., Ze is a perspective view; Fig, 4 module, an exemplary embodiment; in FRG 5, the module shown in FIG. 3, section; in fig. 6 shows section A-A in FIG. five; FIG. 7 is a part of the module shown in FIG. four; by - the module of FIG. 3, section, an example of execution; in fig. 9 shows the connection area of the two modules shown in FIG. 3, the cut; in fig. 10 - other zone of connection of two modules; in fig. 11a - 11h are modules of various thickness, the section in FIG. 12 and 13 are options for using the module; in fig. 14 module with I-ball ™ coy5 cut; in fig. 15 - the same, front view; in fig. 16 - node, general view
The finished module 1 in FIG. 1-3, includes a three-dimensional reinforcement structure 2 formed by welded metal reinforcing bars, and insulating flat elements 3 of light and / or thermally insulating material held on each side of the structure 2 in such a way as to form at least one solid panel 4. The same module 1 can be used for
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bearing vertical structures b, and for supporting horizontal structures 6.
Structure 2 includes several reinforcing meshes: 7, equal to each other, are flat and rectangular in shape, elongated along the longitudinal axis 8. Reinforcing meshes 7 are arranged with ODPs opposite the other perpendicular panel 4 and are firmly held in a certain position using a double set transverse rods 9; The length of rods 9 is equal to the length L of the modes / lei themselves.
When module 1 is installed in the structure, the axis 8 of the reinforcing meshes 7 are vertical in structures 5 and horizontal in structures 6, and vice versa, the transverse rods 4 are horizontal and parallel to the surface of the panel 4, which is vertical in structure 5 and horizontal in structure 6 .
Each reinforcement mesh 7 is manufactured by welding several pairs of longitudinal rods (four in FIG. 1 - 19-1, 20-1 21-1, 22-J; 21-2, 22-2; 20-2, 19-2,) , close to each other and parallel to axis 8, with spacer rods 23, perpendicular to each other and spaced by equal distances from each other.
The two rods 19-1 and 19-2 are the outer rods of the reinforcing mesh 7 and the distance between them determines the thickness T of the module 1; two rods 22-1 and 22-2 are internal rods, and rods. 20-1, 20-2, 21-1, 22-2 are internal to the rods 19-1, 22-1, 19-2, 22-2.
The entire reinforcement structure 2 of modules 1 and 24 is obtained by welding the transverse rods 9 with the longitudinal rods 19-1 and 20-1 in such a way that the corresponding spacer rods 23 of the various agnatural grids 7 and 25 are in the same plane and are perpendicular
planes of longitudinal rods 19-22 and transverse rods 9.
In prefabricated modules 1, 24 (Figures 1, 11a and 4), foam polystyrene elements having the same thickness TV and width Wa (Fig.2) are usually used regardless of the use of the module itself. The length LB of the elements 3 is usually equal to the width L of the mode ™ Lei 1, 24. The longitudinal rods 19,22 and 26 together with the rods 23 form supporting cells 27 for one flat element 3 and for two flat elements 3, and double supporting cells 2b form separating zones 29 HKVT-ri module and two end zones 30 on the outermost areas. The center distance between the cells 27, 28 and zones 29.30 is the same in each module, regardless of the thickness and use of this module.
The center distance P1 between the longitudinal rods 19-1 and 20-1 and the rods 20-2 and 21-2 (.fig. 2) of the single reference cells 2 / is equal to the thickness T6 of the elements 3 plus the diameter of the rods, and the center distance between by rods and 22-2 double bearing cells 27 to rods 22-1 and 21-1E as well as rods 22-2 and 26-2 of reinforcing meshes 25 is equal to double the center distance P1 "
In addition, the center distance LRE P
.. „between rods 19- and 20-1, 2i -1 and 22-1 two / x end zones 30 and rods 19-1 and 20.2, 21-2 and 22-2, 26-1 and / 6-2 separation zones 29 is equal to 1/4 P1.
Let N be the number of single reference cells 27, and M be the number of double cells 28. Each module has a specific, equal to gumma center distance N single cells, M double cells 28, and each module has a thickness determined by the sum of the center axes single cells, M double cells, N + (M-1) distances between the rods of the separation zones 29 and distances between the rods of the two end zones 30. Using the center distance cm, get normalized modules with a thickness of 15.20,25,30 and 35 cm. Modules with a thickness of 20.30 and 35 cm are shown in FIG. 2, 11b and 11h. Other modules can easily be obtained by an appropriate combination of N and M cells and a section of rods 23 modules with a thickness of 35 cm.
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In particular, using reinforcing meshes 2-b (Fig. 11g), it is easy to obtain a module 15 cm thick, spacer rods 23 adjacent to the separation zone 29-1 are cut to include only one row of single cells 27 and one row of double cells 28 (), where the end zone 30 of a module with a thickness of 15 cm is determined by the dividing zone 29-1 of the arma1: mesh level 25.
Module 10 (20 cm thick) is produced by cutting spacer rods 5.-3%; Adjoining the separation zone 29-2, in order to include only two single cells 27 and one cell 2U (,). Similarly, modules with a thickness of 25 and 30 cm can be obtained by cutting pacruipubix rods 23 adjacent to two corresponding separation zones 29-3 and 29-4.
The parts of the reinforcement mesh that remain after cutting to obtain modules of 15.20 and 25 cm thick can be used to make partitions of various thicknesses. Thus, on the basis of this simple reinforcement section, it is possible to manufacture all the modules required in the construction, with only small trimming of the rods 23 going to waste.
The center distance PJ between the spacer bars 23 of the reinforcing meshes 7 and 25 is equal to four axial axis P1 minus two bar diameters or equal to the width Wb of the elements 3.
FIG. 11a and 11b it is shown that elements J can be placed in various places of the reinforcing mesh. Chrome Moreover, the space between the elements 3 can be freely used - / t fittings for one or several concrete layers of different thickness or as empty space. In a preferred embodiment, the separation zone 29 between two adjacent insulating layers can be used as a counter condensation zone.
After fabrication of the reinforcement structure 2, each element 3 is inserted, depending on the designation of modules 1 and 24, between the supporting rods 23 into the cells 27 between the longitudinal rods 20 and 21, or pairwise into the cells 28 between the rods 22-1 and 22-2 -
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grids 7, or between rods 22-2 and 21-2 of reinforcing grids 25 "The installation of elements 3 between reinforcement rods is facilitated by the flexibility of the steel rods and the lightness of the material from which the elements 3 are made.
In vertical structures 5, elements 3 occupy only the space bounded by two pairs of longitudinal rods 20-1, 21-1 and 20-2E 21-2. The elements 3 are located with each other and one above the other in the thickness direction of the TY8 in the form, in addition to the vertical panel 4S, the second vertical panel 31s separated from the panel 4 by an interval equal in modules 1 and an interval equal in module 24 (Fig. 4) ).
The gaps can be used as a formwork for the construction of reinforced concrete 32 remaining in the construction. Pairs of rods 22-1p and 23-1, 23-2 are poured with concrete, preventing at the same time horizontal reinforcing bars 33 from moving closer to the reinforcing rods 3 and were not covered with concrete.
Modules 1 and 24 are interconnected by small horizontal ladders 349, also made of welded steel rods.
The ladders 34 have longitudinal rods 35, spaced apart from each other, and spacer rods 36, whose pitch is equal to half the pitch of the arrays 7 and 25,
The ladders 34 are inserted with a small force into the gaps of the reinforcing mesh 7 between the rods 22-1 h 22-2 or in pairs into the gaps of the reinforcing mesh 25 between the longitudinal rods 22-1, 21-1 and 22-2, 21-2 .
The ladders 34 are designed to precisely align several modules 1.24, and are elements of precisely positioning the vertical bars 37 of the reinforcement of reinforced concrete 32.
In antiseismic structures or structures subjected to high loads, ladders 34 can be made with rods 35, the dimensions of which are such that they can withstand forces directed perpendicular to panel 4, thus reducing the load falling on rods 33..
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The longitudinal rods 35 of the ladders 34, abutting the rods 22-1 and 22-2 of the reinforcing meshes 7 and 25, ensure that the vertical rods 37 are mounted relative to the panels 4 and 31 at such a distance that the rods 37 are completely covered by the poured concrete, resulting in a better adhesion of concrete to reinforcement. Spacer rods 36 also provide for the correct vertical installation of vertical rods 37
In structures 6 of the horizontal type, elements 3 (.fig. 5 and 6) occupy, without gaps, only loing between the rods 2 (and 21-1 of the lower part of the reinforcing meshes shown in Fig. Ze to form an integral panel 4.
The space between the other rods is partially occupied by a group of 38 elements 3, stacked one on another with their larger side W ,. Groups 38 are separated by longitudinal connecting spaces 39 used as formwork for pouring concrete 32.
The concrete casting can be formed by thin insulating elements 405 resting on spacer rods 23 in a row with longitudinal connecting gaps 39 in the support cells 28.
Poured concrete 32 spreads over the topmost elements 3 and covers the longitudinal rods 19-2 and transverse rods 9 to form stiffeners 41, whose width is equal to W6 or a multiple of W3, in connecting gaps 39
The stiffening ribs 41 of the concrete are laid with horizontal reinforcing rods 42 of increased adhesion, which are held by rods 22-1. rods 19-1 for strengthening the ceiling so as to withstand the tensile forces caused by the upper parts of the structure.
In ceilings requiring the presence of transverse reinforcement in addition to the longitudinal reinforcement, the elements 3 (Fig. 8) have a length less than the length of the ceiling and are arranged so that
open transverse gaps 43 for installing reinforcing bars 44 and pouring concrete that forms transverse stiffeners of the ceiling.
It is also possible to use I-profiles 45 placed in sockets,
The profile is inserted into the socket in the direction of its smallest size, then the profile is rotated 90 degrees until it is positioned in the position shown in FIG. 14. The flexibility of the rods 24-1 and 23-2 allows such a rotation. Even in this case, the required supporting surface is obtained by contacting the modules and the corresponding length of the profile 45.
Reinforcing rods, in particular I-beams, allow the ceiling or wall to be pre-assembled before they are installed and filled with concrete.
To this end, the various modules 1 and 24 (.fig. 1b), designed for ceiling assembly, are placed on a support plane.
The profiles 45 are inserted into the sockets of the arranged rears, and their length is chosen in such a way that the ends of the profiles protrude from the modules to a distance equal to the thickness of the vertical wall with which the ceiling is to be connected.
Concrete 47 is poured into the connecting spaces between the groups 38 so that it covers the rods 22-1, the base and part of the profile 45.
A layer of concrete 47 is subjected to reverting with a vibrator to ensure good penetration of concrete into the zone enclosed between base 45 and panel 4. Pre-assembling other ceilings can be carried out using the previously assembled ceiling as a supporting base using any leveling surface on the rods 9.
The pre-assembled ceiling is installed in place after the concrete 47 has hardened.
After installing the pre-assembled ceiling in place, an additional concrete layer 48 can be poured over the first concrete layer 47.
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In ceilings of greater thickness, modules 24 (Fig. 4) and tip a profile 45 are used, inserted one above the other in the corresponding support sockets.
Pre-assembly can also be carried out using other types of profiles, for example tubular profiles of circular or rectangular cross-section or any other shape capable of withstanding any stresses to which the structure is subjected.
These tubular profiles allow electrical installations, plumbing or vent pipes to be conducted inside them.
Structures 6 and 5 are connected using connecting modules 49 (FIGS. 3 and 9), including a limited number (three or four) of reinforcing meshes 7 and 25 located in the intersection zone of the two structures in such a way that the grids
7 and 25 were located horizontally, 5 but the rods 9 were vertical. Modules 49 have a design similar to that of modules 1 and 24, but elements 3 are vertically (four,), their length is over the thickness of structure 6 and they occupy the outermost zone of the module with 14 m to form a formwork element for cast concrete 32.
The connection between modules 1 and 24 and modules 4U is carried out with the help of rods 50, having a U-shape and holding modules.
In a horizontal structure 6, in which reinforcing meshes 25 are used (Fig. 11h), panel 4 can be used as a ceiling.
In this case, the double cell 28 remains empty and can be used for laying electrical wiring, plumbing or vent pipes. In addition, parts of the panel 4 and support rods can be cut to allow installation of lighting fixtures in the cells 28.
Two or more modules 1 and 24 of the structure (.fng. 1) can easily be connected by inserting one or more steppe J4 into the gaps for better alignment of the modules.
The rods 19-1, 19-2 on the edges of the modules are connected together by means of one or several metal rings 51, which are twisted between pairs of rods 19 in the zone of their intersection,
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For example, with transverse rods 9 "The width of the elements 3 is W-4Tft (its thickness) plus the diameter of the spacer rod and is equal to the distance between the two spacer rods 23. These dimensions are especially reasonably observed in modules 52 (Fig. 10) having reinforcing meshes 7, similar to the reinforcing meshes of modules 49. Reinforcing meshes 52 provide for the ends of the elements 3 to be inserted between the rods 20 and 21 to form the side delimited by the element 53. In addition, one of the surfaces having the size Wgs is in contact with reinforcing mesh 7. Due to the specified dimensions of the weave 7 and element 3 and 54 edges of the element 54 of the thickness
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Version 56, made in the element 3 of the panel, forming the upper insulating layer of the roof.
FIG. 16 shows an example of the use of modules with rebar 25, which have five single support cells 27 and one double support cell. This allows simultaneous joining zones between the concrete columns 57 and horizontal beams 58 in the vertical structure 5. The walls of the structure are made with two panels 59 and 60, joining the same of the elements 3 inserted into the cells 27.
The formwork for the beam 58 is formed from the sides by two panels 59 and 60 and at the bottom by three elements 3 and an end two
The nozzles are clamped between the 20, J elements, which limit the pepper rods 9 and the element 53 to several cells 27 and 28 between the panels. Module 52 can be used to connect two structures bs installed at an angle of 90 & relative to each other. In this case, the side 53 of the module 52 is installed in the alignment with the panel 4 of the module 1. The panel 4 of the other module 5 is installed in the alignment with the element 54. The connection of the modules is complemented by the element 55 of the square section, the side of which is equal to T,, inserted into the corner corner the angle formed by elements 53 and 54. The connection itself is carried out by twisting the ends of the rods with air, a possible extension of the reinforcement 37 and pouring with concrete 32,
Module 52 may also be connected to a horizontal structure 6 (FIG. 12). In this case, the ends of the elements 3 are aligned with the ceiling panel, and the element 54 forms a side wall for pouring concrete 32. This
makes it easy to perform bals. buildings with the use of casting consoles, floating gardens, etc., concrete containing a three-dimensional
In the absence of the possibility of a pre-metallic construction,
ceiling assembly temporary retention of horizontal structures 6 before pouring concrete can be carried out by traditional methods using horizontal formwork elements and vertical supports. Fig, 13 shows a module 1 with a double
insulation in an inclined structure, using rods with spacers in which they form from one to N rows of single support cells, one row of other cells and two rows of end zones on both sides of the structure, as well as a panel, for example roof making. In this case, the concrete is poured into the empty spaces between the two panels through abutments 59 and 60. The column formwork 57, in turn, is made with pieces of elements 3, the ends of which are aligned along two reinforcing meshes, limiting two surfaces 61 and 62, holding poured concrete. Beam 58 and column 57 can be supplemented with reinforcing profiles in the form of rods or any other steel profiles suitable for this purpose in accordance with the design characteristics of reinforced concrete.
The portions located between the pillars 57 and the beam 58 can be used for the door openings which are made by cutting the corresponding holes in the panels 59 and 60 and cutting the reinforcing bars of structure 2,

权利要求:
Claims (5)
[1]
Claim 1. Prefabricated module for construction
from spaced apart from one another, welded reinforcing meshes, consisting of parallel, longitudinal and spacer rods, combined by transverse rods welded to the nets on both sides, limiting the thickness of the structure, longitudinal
There are from one to N rows of single support cells, one row of other cells and two rows of end zones on both sides of the structure, as well as a panel located at least on one side of the structure at the end zone consisting of cells of insulating elements of rectangular cross section, which are related to the fact that, in order to increase the versatility of the module, simplify the technology of building construction and increase its performance, the module contains additional longitudinal rods, welded s to the spacer rods and forming the dividing zones within the module between cells, and other supporting elements of the cell, conjugated sides in the thickness, the width of each flat member is a multiple of its thickness.
[2]
2. The mod pop, 1s differs from that to the fact that the axial distance between the additional or extreme and adjacent longitudinal rods is 1/4 part from the axial distance between two longitudinal rods, limited by single support cell
[3]
3 .. The module according to PP, 1 and 2, which is based on the fact that when using the module as a vertical, the number of rows of single reference cells is four and the number of doubles is single, and the pair of adjacent rows of single cells is at least opposite .. of the positive side of the module is filled with flat elements with the formation of adjacent panels.
[4]
4. Module PP. 1 and 2, which is based on the fact that, when used as a horizontal, the panel located on one side of the module forms the ceiling, and
the double flat elements are arranged in rows in double support cells with the formation of edges, the cavity is limited by the KOTO-I ry and the ceiling panel
5 zuech forms for casting concrete, with horizontal armatures on the longitudinal rods bounding the separation zones adjacent to the ceiling panel in each cavity
Q matte rods or I-profiles with the height of the latter equal to the distance between the longitudinal rods of the double support cell.
[5]
5. Module PP. 1 and 2, that is, when using it as a vertical one with another panel located on the opposite side of the module,
it contains additional flat 0 elements bounding the shape for
bar or concrete pillar and fully filling cells between the outer panels.
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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

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HUT39487A|1986-09-29|

MY101364A|1991-09-05|

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YU174185A|1988-08-31|

DE3485525D1|1992-04-02|

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法律状态:
2010-09-20| REG| Reference to a code of a succession state|Ref country code: RU Ref legal event code: MM4A Effective date: 20021107 |

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

EP84201602A|EP0180667B1|1984-11-08|1984-11-08|Preassembled modules and their use in a building construction|

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